Lectures on Gas TheoryThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1964. |
Contents
Translators Introduction | 1 |
THEORY OF GASES WITH MONATOMIC MOLECULES WHOSE DIMEN | 19 |
CHAPTER I | 36 |
Proof that Maxwells velocity distribution is the only possible | 49 |
Virial of the external pressure acting on a | 50 |
Probability of finding the centers of two molecules at a given distance | 51 |
Contribution to the virial resulting from the finite extension of the molecules | 52 |
Virial of the van der Waals cohesion force | 53 |
Second proof of Liouvilles theorem | 285 |
Jacobis theorem of the last multiplier | 290 |
Introduction of the energy differential | 294 |
Ergoden | 297 |
Concept of the momentoid | 300 |
Expression for the probability average values | 304 |
General relationship to temperature equilibrium | 310 |
CHAPTER IV | 313 |
Alternatives to van der Waals formulas | 54 |
Mathematical meaning of the quantity H | 55 |
The principle of Lorentzs method | 56 |
Number of collisions | 57 |
More exact value of the mean free path Calculation of W according to Lorentzs method | 58 |
More exact calculation of the space available for the center of a molecule | 59 |
Calculation of the pressure of the saturated vapor from the laws of probability | 60 |
Calculation of the entropy of a gas satisfying van der Waals | 61 |
The BoyleCharlesAvogadro law Expression for the heat | 62 |
Specific heat Physical meaning of the quantity H | 68 |
Number of collisions | 75 |
Application of Liouvilles theorem to collisions of the most | 80 |
Mean free path | 82 |
Electrical conduction and viscosity of the gas | 91 |
Heat conduction and diffusion of the gas | 98 |
Two kinds of approximations diffusion of two different gases | 104 |
CHAPTER II | 110 |
Timederivatives of sums over all molecules in a region | 123 |
More general proof of the entropy theorem Treatment of | 131 |
Aerostatics Entropy of a heavy gas whose motion does | 141 |
violate Equations 147 | 147 |
CHAPTER III | 161 |
Relaxation time Hydrodynamic equations corrected for vis cosity Calculation of By using spherical functions | 172 |
Heat conduction Second method of approximate calculations | 182 |
Entropy for the case when Equations 147 are not satisfied Diffusion | 197 |
PART II | 213 |
Foreword | 215 |
CHAPTER I | 217 |
External and internal pressure | 220 |
Number of collisions against the wall | 221 |
Relation between molecular extension and collision number | 222 |
Determination of the impulse imparted to the molecules | 224 |
Limits of validity of the approximations made in | 226 |
Determination of internal pressure | 227 |
An ideal gas as a thermometric substance | 230 |
Temperaturepressure coefficient Determination of the con stants of van der Waals equation | 231 |
Absolute temperature Compression coefficient | 234 |
Critical temperature critical pressure and critical volume | 236 |
Geometric discussion of the isotherms | 240 |
Special cases | 243 |
Arbitrariness of the definitions of the preceding section | 257 |
Isopycnic changes of state | 259 |
Calorimetry of a substance following van der Waals law | 261 |
Size of the molecule | 264 |
Relations to capillarity | 265 |
Work of separation of the molecules | 268 |
CHAPTER III | 271 |
Liouvilles theorem | 274 |
On the introduction of new variables in a product of differen tials | 278 |
Application to the formulas of 26 | 283 |
molecules | 315 |
molecules can actually lie within very narrow limits | 317 |
Treatment of collisions of two molecules | 319 |
Proof that the distribution of states assumed in 37 will not be changed by collisions | 323 |
Generalizations | 325 |
Mean value of the kinetic energy corresponding to a momen toid | 327 |
The ratio of specific heats k | 331 |
Value of x for special cases к | 332 |
Comparison with experiment | 334 |
Other mean values | 336 |
Treatment of directly interacting molecules | 338 |
CHAPTER V | 341 |
assumptions using the calculus of probabilities | 350 |
THEORY OF DISSOCIATION 62 Mechanical picture of the chemical affinity of monovalent similar atoms | 376 |
Probability of chemical binding of an atom with a similar | 379 |
Dependence of the degree of dissociation on pressure 65 Dependence of the degree of dissociation on temperature | 385 |
Numerical calculations | 389 |
Mechanical picture of the affinity of two dissimilar monovalent atoms | 393 |
217 | 394 |
221 | 395 |
Dissociation of a molecule into two heterogeneous atoms | 396 |
222 | 397 |
Dissociation of hydrogen iodide | 398 |
Dissociation of water vapor | 399 |
224 | 400 |
227 | 401 |
General theory of dissociation | 402 |
230 | 404 |
231 | 405 |
Relation of this theory to that of Gibbs | 406 |
The sensitive region is uniformly distributed around the entire atom 393 396 398 399 402 406 | 408 |
234 | 409 |
CHAPTER VII | 412 |
240 | 413 |
CHAPTER II | 414 |
Definition of the concepts gas vapor and liquid 246 248 | 415 |
250 | 416 |
256 | 417 |
Change of the quantity H as a consequence of collisions | 419 |
Most general characterization of the collision of two molecules | 422 |
general kind | 424 |
Integral expression for the most general change of H by col | 431 |
Determination of the probability of a particular kind of central | 437 |
On the return of a system to a former state | 443 |
Derivation of thermal equilibrium by reversal of the time | 450 |
417 | 463 |
419 | 473 |
| 483 | |
| 485 | |
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Common terms and phrases
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